Preterm birth remains a leading cause of infant illness and death in the United States. Long-standing racial and ethnic disparities have been widely reported, yet the role of household income over time has been less clear. A large US population-based cross-sectional study analyzed data from 411,469 mothers of infants aged 2 to 4 months between 2011 and 2021 using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Health and lifestyle before pregnancy can shape pregnancy outcomes. Growing evidence shows that a woman’s and a man’s health even before conception may influence pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia

When a newborn needs care in a neonatal unit, families often face emotional and practical challenges. Family-centered care aims to support both infants and families by involving parents as partners in care.